How long after rain do mushrooms come up?
It depends on the mushroom: the quickest show within a week or two, the slowest take over a month. And not just any rain will do: the soil has to hold that moisture, with no frost or drying out in between.
Within a week or two
After two or three weeks
After three or four weeks
Over a month
Why rain alone is not enough
A downpour wets the surface and runs off. What counts is the water that gets into the soil and stays there, while the ground is still mild and no dry wind or frost cuts the flush short. That is why a week of gentle rain is worth more than one storm.
See how much it has rained this week and how each zone is responding on the map.